Dimerumic acid is a hydroxamate siderophore that chelates iron and is used in oxidative stress research.
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Dimerumic acid is a fungal hydroxamic acid-containing siderophore identified as a cleavage product of coprogen-type iron chelators and independently produced by several fungi. It functions as an iron-chelating metabolite under iron-deficient conditions and is biosynthesized via NRPS-dependent pathways. Mechanistically, dimerumic acid donates an electron through its hydroxamic acid group to neutralize reactive oxygen species, forming a nitroxide radical and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. It protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and serves as a chemical probe for studying iron homeostasis and antioxidant defense.